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2013年9月16日星期一

Homemade Dog Food Diets for Renal Failure

Homemade Dog Food Diets for Renal Failure


Canine renal failure is a serious condition that happens when a dog’s kidneys lose the ability to remove waste from the blood. It most typically occurs in older dogs as their kidneys simply wear out after years of use. A dog suffering from renal failure may experience diarrhea, vomiting, depression and even appetite loss. There are many methods of treatment and management of this disease, including dietary management.


Dietary Management of Renal Failure



    Any treatment of canine renal failure is focused on improving your dog’s quality of life and prolonging your dog’s life. Your veterinarian may prescribe a special diet in order to do both of those things. Your dog’s kidneys are basically filters. A special diet for your dog removes as much of the extra waste from the food as possible, therefore relieving the kidneys from the work of removing said waste. This aids in making your dog more comfortable and helps your dog feel better. As some dogs experience severe weight loss due to loss of appetite, these diets are also formulated to stimulate your dog’s appetite to encourage food intake and weight gain. You can purchase commercially prepared foods for canine renal failure, but you may prefer to prepare the diet for your dog yourself.



Important Ingredients



    When preparing homemade renal failure diets for your dog, there are ingredients that are important to avoid as well as key ingredients you need to include. There is an age-old argument that protein must be restricted in a canine renal failure diet, but it is actually important for your dog to eat protein. What you want to limit is your dog’s intake of phosphorus, which weakens your dog when it accumulates in the blood. The problem is that phosphorus is a by-product of protein digestion, so you must choose a protein source with a low phosphorus level. You also need to limit sodium intake. Ingredients to include besides protein are fiber, fatty acids, B vitamins and calcium.



Sample Diets



    Very lean meat can be used in small amounts to make a meal for your dog. Combine 1/4 cup cooked lean hamburger or chicken, 3 cups of cooked potato (with skin), 1 tbsp. of chicken fat, 500 mg of vitamin C, 1 tbsp. of minced parsley, 1/2 tsp. of calcium powder and a veterinarian-recommended canine multivitamin. Mix thoroughly and serve at room temperature. Eggs are a complete protein with the lowest phosphorus level, making them perfect for a renal failure diet. Combine 1 scrambled egg (or use 1 chopped hard-boiled egg), 3 cups of cooked potato with skin, 1 tbsp. of chicken fat (or a fish oil capsule), 1/2 tsp. of calcium powder, 500 mg. of vitamin C, 1 tbsp. of minced parsley and a veterinarian -recommended multivitamin. Again, mix thoroughly and serve at room temperature.










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2013年9月15日星期日

Homemade Diets for Cats and Dogs with Kidney Disease–Most Recipes are Wrong

A new study has been published adding to the evidence, which I have discussed before(see articles listed below), that homemade diets are frequently nutritionally inappropriate and less consistent or reliable than commercial diets.


Larsen, JA. Parks, EM. Heinze, CR. Fascetti, AJ. Evaluation of recipes for home-prepared diets for dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2012;240(5):532-8.


The authors looked at 39 recipes from websites and published books for both veterinarians and pet owners (most written by veterinarians) and identified as intended for dogs with kidney disease and 28 such recipes intended for cats. Though the optimal amount and proportion of every possible nutrient is certainly not known for pets with kidney disease, there are some nutrients for which it is fairly clear that animals with kidney disease have different requirements from healthy animals. And the minimal amount of most nutrients needed to avoid deficiency (though not necessarily the optimal amount) is known for most nutrients. The authors systematically compared the nutrient profile of the recipes they examined with known minimal nutrient requirements and with the established special needs of cats and dogs with kidney disease.


Almost all recipes were vague about key ingredients, requiring the owner to guess about exactly what ingredient to use. Similarly, almost all recipes recommended some sort of nutritional supplement but did not offer specific guidance as to type, quantity, or nutrients. Some recipes offered clearly incorrect information, such as suggesting baking soda as a calcium source even though it contains no calcium.


The authors conclusions were:



None of the recipes assessed in the study reported here provided adequate concentrations of all essential nutrients…Furthermore, many recipes did not accommodate currently accepted nutritional strategies for managing [chronic kidney disease].



There is no doubt that homemade diets can be healthy and appropriate for dogs and cats, both those that are well and those with diseases requiring special nutrition. However, the case has not been made that home-prepared diets are superior to commercial diets, as is often claimed. And while commercial diets may not be optimal nutritionally for many individuals, they are at least consistent and monitored for minimal nutritional adequacy. Any benefits home-prepared diets might have won’t matter if they are grossly deficient or inappropriate in terms of essential nutrients.


For my own clients who wish to feed home-prepared diets, I always recommend consulting with a board-certified veterinary nutritionist (try the local veterinary medical school, or PetDiets.com) to ensure the diet is nutritionally appropriate for the individual pet. Recipes have been repeatedly shown not to be reliable, even when created by veterinarians, and relying on them is likely to lead to feeding a nutritionally inappropriate diet.



  1.     Freeman L, Michel K. Nutritional analysis of 5 types of “Raw Food Diets.” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2001;218(5):705.

  2.     Lauten SD, Smith TM, Kirk CA, Bartges JW, Adams A, Wynn SG. Computer Analysis of Nutrient Sufficiency of Published Home-Cooked Diets for Dogs and Cats. Proceedings of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum 2005.

  3.     Roudebush P, Cowell CS. Results of a hypoallergenic diet survey of veterinarians in North America with a nutritional evaluation of homemade diet prescriptions. Veterinary Dermatology 1992;3:23-28.

  4.     Taylor MB, Geiger DA, Saker KE, Larson MM. Diffuse osteopenia and myelopathy in a puppy fed a diet composed of an organic premix and raw ground beef. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2009;234(8):1041-8.


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