01 Kidney Transplants for Cats and Dogs - VeterinaryPartner.com

By Wendy C. Brooks, DVM, DipABVP Educational Director, VeterinaryPartner.com

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Kidney transplantation is something everyone has heard of for human patients, but may not have considered possible for pets. In fact, while transplantations are confined to specialized facilities with experienced surgeons, successful kidney transplants in cats have been going on since the mid-1980s. Canine programs have been less successful but are also available in limited facilities.

Kidney being removed from donor for kidney tranplant

To the uninitiated, the impression may be that once someone receives a new kidney, life is renewed and all the kidney problems are solved. In fact, this is hardly the case. There are immune-suppressive medications needed to prevent rejection of the new organ, not to mention potential for infection and other issues. A kidney transplant is a very big deal regardless of the species of the recipient. What should be considered when deciding about a new kidney for a pet?

Where Do the Donors Come from & What Happens to them Afterwards?

This is an important ethical question for everyone involved in the transplantation program. No one wishes to harm the donor animal who cannot voluntarily become an organ donor in the way a human can, nor is there a mechanism to harvest organs from comatose brain-damaged patients as might be done for humans.

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Feline kidney donors usually come from research facilities. These cats are classified as “specific pathogen free,” which means they are free from infectious diseases. They are matched by blood typing and possibly blood cross-matching to the recipient cat (no other tissue-typing is necessary). A research cat is selected and a kidney removed for the recipient. After the procedure, the owner of the recipient cat must adopt the donor.

Some transplantation programs allow the owner of the recipient cat to provide the donor. Donors must be young adults, generally at least 10 pounds in size, be free of infectious diseases such as feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, and toxoplasmosis, and must have excellent kidney function. Basic blood testing and urine cultures must be normal.

You enter the program with one cat and leave with two cats.

For dogs, the owner of the recipient is generally responsible for finding the donor. The University of California transplant program has been on hold since 2007, but as an example, their former donor guidelines were that  the donor must be less than 6 years of age, of similar size as the recipient (and preferably of the same breed), and, if the donor is related to the recipient, tissue matching is needed. Screening tests for the canine donor are similar to those for the feline donor but also include heartworm testing.

Is Your Cat a Candidate?

Kidney transplantation is not a procedure that is left until all medical therapies have been exhausted. The best candidate is free from other medical problems besides the kidney disease. Typical screening includes:

• Basic blood panel (including thyroid level) and urinalysis


• Urine culture (elimination of latent infection is crucial and often a trial of immune-suppressive drugs is used after an infection has been cleared to ensure that the infection does not come back)


• Feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus screening


• Ultrasound examination of the heart (heart diseases that involve high blood pressure development can damage the new kidney)


• Screening for toxoplasmosis (the immune suppressive drugs needed to maintain the new kidney could reactivate a latent infection with this parasite).


• Blood typing


• Blood pressure monitoring


• Urine protein to creatinine ratio to evaluate /renal protein loss.


• Teeth cleaning (performed under anesthesia)

Different programs may have additional required screening tests such as kidney biopsy, intestinal biopsy to rule out inflammatory bowel disease, test doses of immune-suppressive medications, etc. Obviously the details would be provided by the specific program being considered.

If the cause of the kidney failure is felt to be something that would lead the new kidney to fail as well, this may disqualify the patient from the program. Such conditions would include: renal lymphoma or other cancer, amyloidosis (a malignant protein deposition), and pyelonephritis (a deep kidney infection, although if the infection is truly felt to have been eliminated, the patient might still qualify). Again, each program will indicate what conditions might serve to automatically disqualify a recipient.

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Cats with relatively early kidney failure are not yet candidates for transplantation. Cats with advanced kidney failure are not good candidates either, although dialysis (available at advanced critical care facilities such as those that perform kidney transplants) may improve the values.

The best candidates are those with an acute cause of kidney failure (such as a poisoning), cats who do not respond well to the usual medical management, or cats with a creatinine greater than 4.0 mg/dl. The cat should have a decent appetite and be as strong as possible prior to this major surgery.  Again, each transplant center will have its own criteria.

Prior to surgery, the recipient cat should be made as stable as possible.
Usually a blood transfusion is needed to correct the renal failure-associated anemia.
Sometimes dialysis is also needed.

Is Your Dog a Candidate?

Recipient screening is similar to that for the feline patient though heartworm testing is needed. Blood clotting tests are also needed for dogs. Similar conditions will also rule a patient out as a candidate (no cancer, heart disease, amyloidosis, or inflammatory bowel disease.) The adrenal hormone excess known as Cushing’s disease also precludes participation in the kidney transplant program.

What Kind of Home Care Will the Recipient Require?

The recipient is going to require suppression of his immune system for the rest of his life. This not only requires a substantial financial commitment for the medication but also the ability to give the cat oral medication at least twice a day for the rest of his life. The heart of this therapy is a medication called cyclosporine, a medication that has revolutionized organ transplantation for humans. Prednisone, a commonly used cortisone derivative, is typically used as well, at least to start.

Cyclosporine is typically given twice a day with the lowest blood level of the day being approximately 500 ng/ml around the time of surgery and lowering to 250 ng/ml after a month or so of recovery after surgery. (Rejection of the new kidney occurs when levels dip below 200 ng/ml.)

Cyclosporine has some disadvantages that include:

• 
  Expense
  Cyclosporine is expensive. Concurrent administration of ketaconazole, a medication normally used to treat fungal infection, has an added benefit of “potentiating” cyclosporine. This means that less cyclosporine is needed to achieve the desired effect. As long as ketoconazole is well tolerated, a substantial financial savings can be realized. Additionally, if ketoconazole is used, it may become possible to dose the patient only once a day rather than twice. Approximately 30% of transplant patients will not be able to utilize this protocol due to the development of excessive cyclosporine levels or liver enzyme elevations from the ketoconazole.
  

  • Expenses for Monitoring
  Periodic blood level monitoring is needed to check that the right dosage is being used. For most drugs, “what you swallow is what your body gets.” For other drugs, there are individual variations in how the medication is absorbed, and cyclosporine is one. When two patients take the same amount of cyclosporine, they may not achieve the same serum levels; some individual fine-tuning is needed.

  
  

  • Long-term use of cyclosporine increases the risk for the development of cancer, specifically lymphoma. At the University of Wisconsin Renal Transplant Center, a 14% incidence of malignant tumor development is reported for cats with post-transplant time (and thus cyclosporine use time) of greater than one year.

  
  

In dogs, the chemotherapy agentazathioprine is also regularly used for its immuno-suppressive properties. It’s usually given every other day long term. Medication costs for dogs can vary from $ 150 per month to $ 2000 per month depending on the dog’s size.

What are Potential Complications to the Recipient?

There are basically three main complications:

• 
  Rejection of the new kidney, which can occur at any point after transplantation. When a kidney is rejected, the cat will go back into kidney failure and suffer all the toxic symptoms that accompany that diagnosis (nausea, malaise etc.) If more aggressive immune suppression is initiated quickly, the kidney can be saved. Rejection can also be a more chronic and insidious process, gradually destroying the new kidney over years. This phenomenon is not well understood and it’s not known how commonly this occurs.
  

  • Infection from the immune-suppressive therapy, which seems to be the major complication in dogs.

  
  

  • Stricture (narrow scarring) of the ureter, which is the tiny tube that carries urine from the new kidney to the urinary bladder. If this occurs, another surgery is needed to trim the scarred area and re-attach the ureter to the urinary bladder.

  
  

What Kind of Survival Time can you Expect?

In a recent study of feline kidney transplants, 59% of renal transplant patients were still alive 6 months after surgery and 41% were still alive 3 years afterwards. Apparently the first 6 months is a somewhat crucial time in determining long-term survival.

The University of Wisconsin Renal Transplant Center reports 70% survival at 6 months for cats and 50% survival at 3 years. Of the cats that survived to be discharged from the hospital (i.e. they did not succumb to problems directly related to the surgery), 96% survived to 6 months.

In dogs, the picture is not nearly as bright. The University of California at Davis program was seeing about a 40% success rate. 

Kidney transplantation is an expensive undertaking. The University of California at Davis program, for example, required a deposit of $ 11,000 for cats and $ 13,000 for dogs. Their surgeon has since moved to private practice where expense is typically greater. Transplantation involves the adoption of a donor and long-term medication and blood testing for the recipient. If this is something you are seriously considering, be sure to discuss the procedure with the transplant center closest to you as well as with your regular veterinarian.

The Feline CRF Information Center has a list of renal transplantation centers for both dogs and cats, including contact information.

Date Published: 12/23/2002 3:21:00 PM

Date Reviewed/Revised: 01/10/2012

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Copyright 2012 – 2013 by the Veterinary Information Network, Inc. All rights reserved.

Permanent Link: http://www.VeterinaryPartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&A=1349

Food that are lethal to dogs

Few people realize the danger in giving grapes or raisins to their pet dogs. According to the ASPCA Poison Control Center, as few as 7 raisins or grapes can prove toxic.

No one knows exactly why grapes, raisins and dogs are such a lethal combination. Indeed, these foods are not harmful to every dog in every situation; but for some unlucky dogs, these foods can cause acute kidney failure, which may lead to their eventual death.

In the article, Raisins and Grapes Can Be Harmful to Dogs, Dr Laurinda Morris DVM, an Danville,Ohio vet, recounts a tale of a patient who lost her male Labrador mix after eating half a canister of raisins. After Dr Laurinda struggled to treat the dog , he had to be euthanized due to acute renal failure, caused by consuming such a large quantity of raisins.

Dangerous foods for dogs,like grapes or raisins are often given innocently as treats, without their owners being aware of the risks. Whilst many dog owners these days are better informed about the potential dangers of feeding chocolate to their pets (Theobromine found in coco beans is toxic to dogs, cats and horses), many do not realize the problems that a few grapes or raisins may cause. Linda Bonney of bestanimalloves.com, states in her article,Your Pet Versus Raisins and Grapes (09/20/07), “Many people I know give their dogs grapes and raisins as treats, including our ex-handlers.”

Why Raisins and Grapes are Toxic Foods to Dogs

Grape or raisin toxicity can cause acute kidney failure. Dogs are unable to pass urine, which means their systems cannot filter the toxins from their bodies.

However, what is puzzling is that some dogs are affected, whilst others do not experience any problems. In 140 such cases handled by the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, one third of the dogs developed toxic poisoning from eating grapes or raisins; of which 7 died.

Read more: http://dog-care.suite101.com/article.cfm/danger_of_grapes_raisins_in_dogs#ixzz0M40mg1OP

The following foods are considered to be dangerous to your dog and should not be fed:

• chocolate


• grapes


• raisins


• onions


• garlic (in large quantities)


• macadamia nuts


• walnuts


• dairy and dairy products


• coffee or coffee grounds


• tea or tea bags


• bones from poultry, fish or other meat sources


• fat trimmings


• citrus oil extracts


• cat food


• hops


• supplements containing iron


• yeast or yeast dough


• moldy or spoiled food


• pits or seeds from apples, cherries, pears, persimmons and other fruits


• mushrooms (some varieties)


• potato, rhubarb or tomato leaves


• potato or tomato stems


• raw eggs


• raw fish


• liver


• sugary foods


• salt (in large quantities)


• xylitol-containing foods

Read more: http://pet-nutrition.suite101.com/article.cfm/dangerous_foods_foods_to_avoid_feeding_to_dogs#ixzz0M41G2LP5

There are also a few other items which you should avoid feeding your dog or allowing your dog to eat and these include:

• alcohol


• tobacco, cigarettes, cigars


• marijuana


• string


• cat food


• plants (many types of plants are toxic)


• prescriptions issued for people or other pets

Some of these items can be threatening for your dog in the short-term, causing symptoms ranging from mild digestive upset to life-threatening, potentially fatal reactions. Others can cause more long-term problems with your dog’s health. None are safe to offer to your dog.

Read more: http://pet-nutrition.suite101.com/article.cfm/dangerous_foods_foods_to_avoid_feeding_to_dogs#ixzz0M41Q9bSZ

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Kidney Disease In Dogs & Cats, Using Calcitriol

Canine Kidney Disease & Feline Kidney Disease
Kidney disease affects about 1/3 of our pets. In previous Caring for Pet blog entries we covered the difference between kidney disease and kidney failure, signs a pet has kidney disease, causes of kidney disease. We covered treatments, including holistic therapies and conventional medications. Now, let’s discuss Calcitriol, a new conventional medication used for cats & dogs with kidney disease.

Role of Calcitriol
Calcitriol helps prevent calcium from increasing in the blood. High calcium levels shorten pets’ lives because organs stop functioning when their cells are full of gritty calcium deposits. To make it worse, pets with high calcium levels are uncomfortable.

Signs of High Levels of Calcium in the Blood or Hypercalcemia
Calcitriol is a drug given to pets with kidney disease to help prevent calcium from increasing in the blood to levels that make pets sick. Dogs & cats with high calcium may have these symptoms:
• anorexia
• lethargy
• vomiting & stomach upset
• increased drinking and urination ( polyuria/polydipsia)
• bladder stones (calcium oxylates)
• strange behaviour (neurologic signs).

Other Causes of Hypercalcemia–Cancer
Cats and dogs with cancer of skin, lymph nodes, bones and bone marrow (lymphosarcomas, squamous cell carcinomas, leukemias, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, sarcoma, and bronchogenic carcinoma) can also have increased calcium and these pets would benefit from treatment for cancer but not from calcitriol.

Deciding Whether or Not to Use Calcitrol
The first step in using calcitriol is to confirm the pet’s elevated calcium is from kidney disease. The second step is to prevent phosperous from increasing through diet and aluminum hydroxide (covered in previous Caring for Pets discussion).

Deciding How Much Calcitriol to Give, and When to Give Calcitriol
We look at the blood to decide how much calcitriol to give. If serum creatinine is higher than normal (>3 mg/dl) but phosphorus is controlled (<6 mg/dl) calcitriol is started at 3.5 ng/kg/day. The best time to give calcitriol is at bedtime on an empty stomach. This is especially true for pets on high doses. For pets on low doses of calcitriol, the drug can be given with food in the morning. Calcitriol can be given every day, and this schedule is best for those of us with poor memories who can remember to give the same medication every day. However, the safest way to give calcitrion is to give ½ the week’s dose th twice a week, such as Wednesday night and Sunday morning.

Blood Tests Required to Prevent Calcitrol From Causing Harm
Calcitriol can help pets with kidney disease, but it can also cause harm because it affects the amount of calcium in the blood. Blood tests measuring calcium help us adjust the dose so that the potential for harm is minimized. Blood tests are done one week, two weeks and six months after starting the medication.

For pets that have had kidney disease long enough that the parathyroid gland was affected, blood tests to measure parathyroid hormone (PTH) should be done in addition to tests measuring calcium. If the pet is responding to calcitriol as hoped, parathyroid hormone (PTH) will be in the normal range. If PTH is elevated, the pet can have increased dose of calcitriol (1-2 ng/kg increase). If your pet needs a dose of calcitriol that is 6.6 ng/kg/day or higher, then it needs blood tests that measure both total calcium and ionized calcium. Pets on these high doses of calcitriol also need to be off the daily dosage schedule and on the twice a week schedule (3.5 times the daily dose).

What Will You See if Your Pet Benefits from Calcitriol?
How will your pet benefit from calcitriol? You should see improved appetite, more energy, and slowing of the kidney disease. Blood tests with BUN and creatinine livels should hold steady. Urine specific gravity should hold steady. Amount of protein lost in the urine should improve or hold steady.

My Recommendations for Pets With Kidney Disease
Do I recommend Calcitriol for all pets with kidney disease? NO. Whether you have a dog with kidney disease or a cat with kidney disease, always start with supplements and herbs that benefit without causing harm. Then, consider drugs. My recommendations are:
• Omega 3 fatty acids from either fish (Nordic Naturals) or ground flax (Missing Link)
• Herbal fromulas with Rehmannia such as Rehmannia Eight ( Ba Wei Di Huang Wan)
• Home cooked diet or raw diet that controls phosphorus by decreasing organ meats and high phosphorus foods, yet maintains healthy protein levels
• Acupuncture (BL 23, K 3, K 7, ST 36)
• Injectable Vitamin B 12
• Subcutaneous fluids

After doing all these, consider medications: aluminum hydroxide, potassium, calcitriol.

Kidney Disease Isn’t A Death Sentence
Dogs & cats with kidney disease can live long happy lives with our help. Do not despair when your vet says your pet has kidney disease, instead get help from a holistic veterinarian. Every pet can benefit from these suggestions so that it continues to have a life with joy and comfort.

Growing danger: Toxic plants pose pet threat

Some common shrubs and plants can cause heart, liver and kidney failure.

Bacon, a French bulldog, likes to munch on the rhododendron bushes in the front yard of his Washington, D.C. home. His owner, Susan Rosenau, had heard that rhododendron might be toxic to dogs, but Bacon never seemed to suffer any ill effects, so she didn’t worry too much about his snack habit.

She was shocked, then, to learn that the showy shrub had the potential to cause vomiting and diarrhea, seizures, and even to affect Bacon’s heart rate and rhythm. 

“Many people aren’t aware of just how toxic some of these really common plants are,” says Dr. Sharon Gwaltney-Brant, a veterinarian and board-certified toxicologist who is vice president of the Animal Poison Control Center, based in Urbana, Ill. “A rule of thumb is that the prettier it is, the more likely it is to be toxic.”

Besides rhododendrons, some of the other common ornamental plants that can be toxic, and even deadly, to pets are azaleas, cycad palms, oleander, foxglove, lily of the valley and castor bean.

The APCC, which is the only 24-hour-a-day animal poison control center in North America, received nearly 8,000 calls about potentially toxic plants in 2008. Actual poisonings are most commonly caused by Easter lilies in cats and cycad palms in dogs, Gwaltney-Brown says. Easter lilies are ubiquitous in floral arrangements, and miniature versions of cycad palms have become popular over the past five years in many parts of the country. A cat that chews on a single petal or leaf of an Easter lily can go into severe kidney failure and die without rapid, aggressive treatment. Cycad palms cause liver failure, and dogs may die within 24 to 48 hours after ingestion.

What does a pet-loving gardener need to know? Here are 10 expert tips to help keep your animals safe.

• Don’t assume that pets won’t eat a particular plant.

“Pets investigate things with their mouths,” Gwaltney-Brant says. “That’s why we see so many plant exposures. When you bring that new plant into the household, the cats are all going to go over and nibble on it, and ditto with the dogs.”

• Know the scientific names of plants in your home and yard so you can be specific when talking to poison control.

“The problem with common names is that jasmine in California is a totally different plant than what they call jasmine on the East Coast,” Gwaltney-Brant says. “Find out the scientific name and jot it down so you have it in case there is an exposure.”

• Be aware of regional plants that may not appear on poisonous plant lists.

Toxic plant lists don’t always include regional plants, says Dr. John Tegzes, a veterinarian and professor of toxicology at Western University College of Veterinary Medicine in Pomona, Calif. For instance, some varieties of hibiscus flowers are highly neurologically toxic while others are safe.

“Most hibiscus are fine, but there are a couple of varieties that are poisonous to dogs in particular, and unless you know which one that is, it can be dangerous,” Tegzes says.

• Use nontoxic gardening products. Slug and snail bait is highly attractive to dogs, but it causes tremors and seizures that can be severe and life-threatening within minutes to hours after they’ve eaten it. Instead, use Sluggo or Sluggo Plus, which uses iron phosphate and is non-toxic to dogs, cats and birds, recommends Cheryl S. Smith, author of “Dog Friendly Gardens, Garden Friendly Dogs.”

To kill insects and fungi, Smith suggests a product called Phyta-Guard EC, which contains rosemary oil and clove oil rather than chemicals.

• If you do use chemical pesticides, restrict your pet’s access to the yard immediately after applying them. They are most dangerous when still wet. It takes a few hours for pesticides to dry in the sun and be absorbed by plants and soil, Tegzes says. To be on the safe side, wait 24 hours before letting your pet back into the yard.

• Avoid cocoa mulch. The concentration of theobromine — the active ingredient in chocolate that’s toxic to pets — varies depending on the processes companies use to create cocoa mulches. Because there isn’t any consistency from product to product, it’s safest not to use cocoa mulch, Tegzes says.

• Look beyond the plant itself to products made from it. People make jewelry out of all kinds of seeds, seed pods and beans.

“When I was in a clinical setting, the cases I would see with castor bean were jewelry: necklaces and bracelets that were made out of the castor beans themselves,” Tegzes says. “People would go to Mexico and buy these bracelets and dogs would chew on them and get poisoned.”

• If your pet has eaten a plant that may be toxic, don’t waste time trying to induce vomiting. Get veterinary advice immediately. People commonly overtreat pets or try to induce vomiting when it’s unnecessary or counterproductive, Gwaltney-Brant says. They also spend too much time trying to induce vomiting, especially in cats.

 “We get calls from people who have spent the last two hours trying to get their pet to throw up, but the reality is, if it’s a true poisoning, we need to do something quickly. If they’ve been unsuccessful for more than half an hour, then generally I suggest they contact or take the animal in to a veterinarian.”

• Get rid of that old bottle of ipecac in your medicine cabinet. If you are advised to induce vomiting, ipecac isn’t the way to go about it. Instead, call your veterinarian to find out the correct dosage of hydrogen peroxide for your pet’s size.

“Ipecac is actually quite dangerous if we use it in dogs and cats,” Gwaltney-Brant says. “Only about a third of dogs or cats will vomit from the ipecac, and if they don’t throw it up they will absorb it into their system where it can cause serious heart problems.”

• Don’t assume that after one bad experience, your pet will “learn his lesson.”

Tegzes once treated a dog poisoned by snail bait. After 11 days in the hospital, nine of them on a respirator, the dog recovered. The next day, he was back again, with the same type of poisoning. “We thought he would have learned his lesson,” the owners told Tegzes.

“Dogs love to eat that stuff once they’ve tasted it, so you have to be very careful of re-exposure,” he warns.

__________

See also: 

Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants

http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/poison-control/plants/

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Full article and photo: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31130769/

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Nasty Chicken Jerky Treats from China Associated with Severe Illness in Dogs - Again - Poisoned Pets

The Gruesome History of Icky Poopie Dog Treats from China

In September 2007, the  American Veterinary Medical Association issued an alert that stated they had been receiving calls from veterinarians reporting Fanconi syndrome-like disease in dogs that appeared to be associated with the consumption of chicken jerky treats made in China. These products are also labeled as chicken tenders, strips or treats.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was alerted and investigated the complaints, but testing of the products (surprise, surprise) did not identify any toxins or contaminants. The AVMA continued to receive occasional reports of suspected cases through February 2009.

September 2009, in Australia an outbreak in dogs of acquired proximal renal tubulopathy,  were associated with the feeding of chicken jerky treats from China.  The kidney conditions, also known as Fanconi-like syndrome caused the fatality of a number of dogs.

On June 15, 2011, the AVMA received notification from the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA) that they have received reports that mirror the cases reported in 2007. The AVMA issued an alert to its members on June 16, informing them of the situation in Canada and recommending vigilance for any suspected cases in the U.S. The AVMA also issued an alert on June 17 to the state veterinary medical associations and allied organizations represented in the AVMA House of Delegates. These products may also labeled as chicken tenders, strips or treats.

What, Me Worry?

The type of kidney failure associated with chicken jerky strips is called acquired Fanconi syndrome. Urine test results consistently show glucose and granular casts. Blood tests may show hypokalemia (low potassium), mildly increased liver enzymes, and acidosis.

Fanconi’s syndrome is a progressive disease, which, if not treated, ultimately results in transport system failure to the point where solute losses are significant enough to overwhelm other compensatory mechanisms and the dog can no longer maintain homeostasis. The most significant of these is the loss of bicarbonate (HCO₃^-). Proximal renal tubular acidosis subsequently develops and, if left uncorrected, will ultimately lead to death.

What the Experts are Saying About the Nasty Treats

• Several cases in Canada have been reported to the CVMA and they have notified the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).


• The FDA has been made aware of the cases in Canada and their resemblance to the earlier cases in the U.S.


• Based on very preliminary information, it appears that this problem is more likely to occur in small-breed dogs that are fed these treats regularly and/or in amounts exceeding the label-recommended frequency or amount.


• Dogs affected with this syndrome usually have a history of vomiting, lethargy and anorexia. A review by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine of the 2007 cases stated that blood chemistry in many cases revealed hypokalemia and a mild increase in liver enzymes. Blood gas analysis indicated acidosis, and glucosuria and granular casts may be seen. Fanconi screens on urine were positive. At the time, the ACVIM recommended treatment consisting of supportive care, electrolyte supplementation (including potassium supplementation) and blood gas monitoring.


• No recalls have been issued for any chicken jerky treat product (not surprising. And don’t expect one either).
  

I dunt know nuthing, I jus work here

• The brand(s) of chicken jerky treats that may be affected by this alert is unknown. The treats may involve flavors or meats other than chicken. The treats may also be sold as strips, tenders, chews, bites, pulls, sticks or whatever name they usually give that crap.


• The cause (contaminant, toxin or otherwise) of the problem and the exact mechanism by which it causes the illness (they have a pretty good idea, they’re just not talking, yet), is unknown.


• Whether or not the current situation is limited to Canada or is also occurring in the U.S. and if it is occurring in the U.S., if it is a recurrence or if the problem has been going on (but potentially unrecognized) since 2007.


• The toxic treats may not indicate on the package they were “Made in China”. If the imported product or ingredient undergoes any substantive changes after it is in the USA, the manufacturer is not required to label the actual country of origin on the package.

So, Just What the Hell Do I Do Now?

• Veterinarians who suspect a pet illness associated with the consumption of chicken jerky treats should report the case to the FDA. Canadian veterinarians should report cases to CVMA Member Services unless directed otherwise by the CVMA.


• For more information about diagnosing and treating the condition, please refer to the ACVIM’s recommendations, which will be updated as needed.


• If a dog presents with a history of vomiting, lethargy and anorexia, coupled with a history of consumption of chicken jerky treats, the following tests may be indicated to indicate Fanconi syndrome-like disease: complete blood chemistry, blood gas analysis and urinalysis. A review by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine of the 2007 cases stated that blood chemistry in many cases revealed hypokalemia and a mild increase in liver enzymes. Blood gas analysis indicated acidosis, and urinalysis consistently showed glucosuria and granular casts. Fanconi screens on urine were positive.


• During the 2007 cases, the ACVIM recommended treatment consisting of supportive care, electrolyte supplementation (including liberal potassium supplementation) and blood gas monitoring.

Common Sense for Dummies

• It is up to you to decide whether or not you will feed your dog chicken jerky treats. If you choose to do so, we recommend that you feed them in small quantities and only on occasion. This is especially important for small-breed dogs. (Personally, I wouldn’t touch the crap with a ten-foot pole)
  


• If your pet is vomiting, lethargic, or does not want to eat, consult your veterinarian, especially if there is a history of chicken jerky treat consumption. If your pet is showing these signs, it does not necessarily mean that your pet has been made ill by chicken jerky treats (don’t take any chances, don’t walk – run to the vet ASAP) – your veterinarian will likely need to perform tests to determine the cause of the problem.


• If your pet becomes ill and you and/or your veterinarian suspect the illness may be associated with the consumption of chicken jerky treats, discontinue feeding the treats and save the treats and packaging (storing them out of your pet’s reach and in a place where a family member will not mistakenly feed them to your pet) in case they are needed for testing.

Mollie’s Crazy Cat Lady Activist Advice

• Call the FDA and tell them to get their shit together. Not that it will do any good, but they still need to know, never-the-less. Report a problem here.


• Call the store you bought the crap from and give ‘em Hell.


• Call the store’s HQ and tell them you are going to boycott their store, tell everybody and his brother they suck, start an I hate _____ big box pet store Facebook campaign, write about it in your blog, picket the store, e-mail the store, go to their FB and Twitter pages and tell them they suck (just be sure to unlike yourself afterwards)


• Call & e-mail the manufacturer and give them a piece-o-yer-mind, that you’ve hired a lawyer and are going to bankrupt them for making your dog sick. Do not let the customer service person bullshit you – ask to speak to senior management or you’re gonna keep calling till Doomsday or until Hell freezes over, which ever comes first. Hopefully they speak enough English to understand you.

I Wanna Know More, Dangit!

Dog Treat Warning Snopes report: Yup, it’s TRUE (Snopes)

Remain vigilant for illness linked to chicken jerky treat consumption (ACVIM)

Fanconi Syndrome in Dogs (vet.uga.edu)

Jerky Treats Imported from China Reportedly Causing Kidney Failure in Dogs (DogAware)

How Dog Jerky is Made in China (WARNING: GRAPHIC)

Canadian VMA Cautions About Chicken Jerkey Treats (June 2011)

FDA Continues To Receive Complaints about Chicken Jerky Products for Dogs and Cautions Consumers (FDA December 2008)

POTENTIAL NEW THREAT TO PETS: UPDATED INFORMATION FOR VETERINARIANS (ACVIM 2007)

Related articles

• 
  Merrick’s Doggie Wisbone Pet Treat for Dogs Recalled for Salmonella Contamination (molliemorrissette.wordpress.com)

National Poison Prevention Week 2011

MARCH 20-26, 2011 is NATIONAL POISON PREVENTION WEEK

3 NUMBERS TO KEEP HANDY

ASPCA Poison Control Center (888) 426-4435 ($ 65 Consultation Fee)

Pet Poison Helpline 1-800-213-6680 ($ 35 Consultation Fee)

Nationwide Standard Human Poison Control Center 1-800-222-1222 (FREE)

All 3 numbers are available 24/7 year round.

Listen Now to the Radio Interview with Ines De Pablo on WPFW 89.3FM

More than 2 million poisonings are reported each year to the 61 Poison Control Centers (PCCs) across the country. More than 90 percent of these poisonings occur in the home. The majority of non-fatal poisonings occur in children younger than six years old. And, poisonings are one of the leading causes of death among adults.

In 2010, the ASPCA Poison Control Center handled more than 167,000 cases of pets exposed to toxic substances, many of which included everyday household products.

Below are the 10 most common pet toxins of 2010 as outlined by the ASPCA and PetPoisonHelpLine.com

1. Human Medications are once again at the top of the list of pet toxins for 2010. Almost 25 percent of ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (AAPC) calls concerned human medications accidentally ingested by pets. The most common culprits include over-the-counter medications (ibuprofen, acetaminophen), antidepressants and ADHD medications. Other common examples of human medications that can be potentially lethal to pets, even in small doses, include: Pain killers, cold medicines, anti-cancer drugs, vitamins and diet pills. PetPoisonHelpLine.com warns against Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Advil®, Aleve® and Motrin®; acetaminophen as found in Tylenol® and antidepressants like Effexor®, Cymbalta® and Prozac® that can cause serious harm to your pets when ingested. NSAIDs can cause serious stomach and intestinal ulcers as well as kidney failure. Acetaminophen can damage red blood cells in cats, limiting their ability to carry oxygen, and in dogs, it can lead to severe liver failure. Ingestion of antidepressants, which, of all human medications account for the highest number of calls to Pet Poison Helpline, can lead to neurological problems like sedation, in coordination, agitation, tremors and seizures.
For the Top 10 Drugs that can poison your pet click here.

2. Insecticides. About 20% of the calls to the APCC were about insecticides. Insecticides are commonly used on our pets for flea control and around our houses to control crawling and flying bugs. The most serious poisonings occurred when products not labeled for use in cats were applied to them. Always follow label directions.

3. Rodenticides are baits used to kill mice and rats, mostly grain based. Not only does this attract rodents, but it attracts dogs and cats. There are several different types of rodenticides that can cause seizures, internal bleeding or kidney failure. Rodent baits typically can result in blood clotting disorders, brain swelling or kidney failure, while snail and slug baits can result in severe tremors or seizures. Always make sure these items are placed in areas that pets cannot access.

4. People Food. Xylitol, grapes, raisins, onions and garlic are commonly ingested by our pets. Grapes and raisins can cause kidney failure in dogs, while onions and garlic can cause anemia if enough is ingested. Xylitol, a sugar alcohol used to sweeten sugar free gums and mints, can cause low blood sugar and liver failure in dogs. Many sugarless gums, including some Tridentâ„¢, Orbitâ„¢, and Ice Breakerâ„¢ brands, contain xylitol. Candies, flavored multi-vitamins, desserts and baked goods may also be made with xylitol. Even small amounts when ingested can result in a life-threatening drop in blood sugar, or with large amounts of ingestion, liver failure. Signs of xylitol poisoning include vomiting, weakness, difficulty walking, tremors and seizures.
To read more about the risks of xylitol click here.

5. Veterinary Medications although made for our pets are flavored for ease of giving. Unfortunately, that means that animals may ingest the entire bottle of medication if they find it tasty. Common chewable medications include arthritis and incontinence medications. Contact your veterinarian if your pet ingests more than his proper dose of medication.

6. Chocolate contains methylxanthines(a relative of caffeine), which act as stimulants to our pets. The darker the chocolate, the more methylxanthines it contains. Methylxanthines can cause agitation, vomiting, diarrhea, high heart rate,hyperactivity, abnormal heart rhythm, muscle tremors, seizures and death. Baker’s chocolate and dark chocolate pose the biggest problem. The darker and more bitter the chocolate, the more dangerous it is to our pets.

7. Household Toxins such as cleaning supplies (bleach, acids, alkalis and other detergents), can cause corrosive injury to the mouth and stomach. Other household items such as batteries and liquid potpourri can cause similar problems. Always keep these toxins behind securely locked doors. Rule of thumb: If it has a warning label on it keep out of the reach of children and pets. Other toxic household items include; Fabric softener sheets, mothballs, post-1982 pennies (due to high concentration of zinc)

8. Plants. Both house plants and outdoor plants can be ingested by our pets. Certain types of lilies including tiger, day, Asiatic, Easter and Japanese lilies, are highly toxic to cats, while sago palms can cause liver failure in dogs and cats. Severe kidney failure can result from ingestion of even a few petals, leaves, or even the pollen. In addition, ingestion of certain spring bulbs (e.g. daffodils, tulips) can cause severe vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. More serious reactions include abnormal heart rate or changes in breathing. Keep house plants and bouquets away from your pets.  
For a full list of plants poisonous to dogs and cats click here.

9. Many herbicides have a salty taste, and our pets will commonly ingest them. Always follow label directions and keep pets off treated areas until they are dry.

10. Outdoor toxins such as antifreeze, fertilizers and ice melts are all substances that animals can find outdoors. Keep these items in securely locked sheds or on high shelves where pets cannot get to them. Fertilizers are basic gastrointestinal irritants. However, some are often combined with dangerous chemicals and compounds called organophosphates or carbamates, which can be harmful or deadly to pets. Ingestion can result in drooling, watery eyes, urination, defecation, seizures, difficulty breathing, fever and even death.


What information will I need when I call poison control?
Whether you call your regular, emergency veterinarian or any any of the suggested poison control centers always have the following information available:
– the species, breed, age, sex, weight and number of animals involved
– the animal’s signs (Animals can’t tell us symptoms. Tell them what you notice)
– information regarding the exposure, including the agent (if known),
– the amount of the agent involved
– the time elapsed since the time of exposure.
Have the product container/packaging available for reference.
Collect in a sealable plastic bag any material your pet may have vomited or chewed.
Use extreme caution when handling some of the chemicals. Wear non-latex gloves if at all possible.

I think my pet has ingested something potentially dangerous, but she seems normal. What should I do first: call the poison control centers or rush it to my local emergency veterinarian?
If you suspect that your pet may have become exposed to a harmful substance, but is not showing signs of illness, stay calm! Contact your local veterinarian or any of the above mentioned Poison Control Centers first. Not all exposure situations require an immediate trip to the clinic. Remain calm. Pets can sense your agitation and may become excited, which will raise their blood pressure and may contribute to spreading the poison through the bloodstream faster.


What should I do if I think my pet ate something poisonous?
Remain calm and composed. If your animal is having seizures, losing consciousness, is unconscious or is having difficulty breathing, telephone ahead and bring your pet immediately to your local veterinarian or emergency veterinary clinic. If necessary, he or she may call the Poison Control Center. Bring the suspected substance with you.


Additional Resources:
PetEducation.com – First Aid for ingestion of toxic products by pets. Click here (GREAT RESOURCE)
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Household Hazards (PDF File here)

ALWAYS KEEP THE NUMBERS BELOW IN 

- Your cell phone directory

- Home  and Office phonebook

- In black & white hard copy in your car, kitchen and in the garage.

Why in black and white? Electronics fail, batteries die, phones don’t like liquids, people forget to plug the phone, etc. If you have a hardcopy you can use any phone at any time and still make the call.

ASPCA Poison Control Center (888) 426-4435 ($ 65 Consultation Fee)

Pet Poison Helpline 1-800-213-6680 ($ 35 Consultation Fee)

Nationwide Standard Human Poison Control Center 1-800-222-1222 (FREE)

All 3 numbers are available 24/7 year round.

YOUR VETERINARIAN’S NUMBER HERE

EMERGENCY VETERINARY HOSPITAL NUMBER HERE

REMEMBER

No matter what article you find on the internet and no matter who wrote it that provides advise on what to do in case of poisoning – human or animal

POISON CONTROL KNOWS BEST!
ITS THEIR JOB TO KNOW.

Peroxide CANNOT be used for ALL cases of poisoning in cats and dogs. 
Some chemicals and toxins may counteract negatively with the ingested substance. 
In other cases some poisons should not be coming back up by forcing the animal to vomit. 
Poisons can be ingested, inhaled and injected. 
If you have a doubt, there is no doubt. Call Poison Control! 
Even the human line can help in most pet cases.

Dogs with Kidney Failure- How to Treat and Advoid It!

When healthy, the kidney system execute several key features and remove spend materials from our bodies in the form of pee. Renal failing, also known as kidney failing, is the inability of the kidney system to operate properly.

Kidney failing is described as “chronic” or “acute”. Serious failing indicates that the kidney system can no longer execute their crucial features of removing spend materials, managing the chemical structure of liquids, and producing hormones. Renal operate reduces slowly, which indicates the actual symptoms and symptoms of failing may appear progressively.

Acute is recognized by an unexpected or rapid decrease in kidney operate that leads to changes in body system, including modifications in liquid and mineral account balances. These changes adversely affect almost every system in our bodies. The actual symptoms are more extraordinary because kidney operate reduces quickly.

What are the causes of this failing in dogs?

There are many causes that may include:

* Age

* Popular, yeast, or bacterial infections

* Parasites

* Cancer

* Amyloidosis (cause by irregular remains of a certain kind of aminoacids in the kidney)

* Inflamation

* Trauma

* Toxic reaction to toxins or medications

* Genetic and passed down disorders

What kind of pet is most vulnerable to such disease?

Older animals are more likely to have kidney situation than younger animals. Pet kittens and kitties and little animals display beginning symptoms and symptoms of chronic failing at 10 to 14 decades of age, while large animals may encounter much earlier.

Cats have this situation more regularly than animals. Certain varieties of animals (such as the soft-coated wheaten terrier, Lhasa apso, shih tzu, basenji, and Norwegian elkhound) and kittens and kitties (such as the Nearby, Himalayan, Siamese, and Abyssinian) are more vulnerable to developing kidney issues. But all varieties of animals can be affected, and at any age.

What are the actual symptoms my pet might experience?

Any of the following symptoms may indicate:

*Excessive drinking of water *Increased peeing *Lethargy *Vomiting *Bad Breath *Not eating for a day or more *Weakness *Lack of sychronisation when walking *Depression *Weight Loss of wasting of muscle tissue

How can I avoid this in my pet? 
Most commonly, animals develop this kind of situation as they age because their kidney system “wear out”. In this situation, it is not possible to avoid the failing, although it is possible to treat it.
Outdoor animals are at probabilities because they are exposed to antifreeze more regularly. Heartburn of even a bit of antifreeze can lead to serious failing and death.

Dog and cat varieties that are more likely to have genetic kidney situation should not be used for reproduction if they display symptoms and symptoms of kidney situation. These varieties should be supervised for changes in their kidney system at an beginning age.

How is this treated?

Tests are necessary to identify chronic and serious failing and rule out other illnesses. System and pee samples are used to test various kidney features and make sure that infection is not the cause of the actual symptoms and symptoms of situation.

Your animal medical practitioner can distinguish between chronic and serious failing based on your dog’s history, actual exams, and clinical examining. A kidney biopsy may be necessary in some cases. Serious kidney failing is not undoable, but the vet can manage the actual symptoms and symptoms of the situation. Pets may not reply to therapy at all or may live another few months or even decades.

Acute is potentially reversible with aggressive therapy. Both chronic and serious can be life-threatening conditions demanding medical center stay. Treatment may include:

*Intravenous liquids *A special eating plan to decrease aminoacids and salt intake *Medication for hypertension *Hospitalization and encouraging care *Control of throwing up and stomach issues with eating plan and medicines *Medications for anemia (decreased red-blood-cell production) *Potassium supplements *Medications to reduce phosphorus levels in the blood

After your pet simply leaves the medical center, the vet will do it again blood assessments and urinalyses to observe your dog’s situation. Be sure to manage any prescribed medicines and nourish your pet as instructed. You may need to manage liquids under your dog’s skin at home. Your animal medical practitioner can provide guidelines if this become necessary. Following guidelines and working carefully with the vet will give your pet a better total well being and may help extend his lifestyle.
This is a serious medical problem. Whether the situation is serious or chronic, it is typically related to the cause. Cooperate with the vet and follow guidelines for your dog’s eating plan and medications.W

Kidney Disease in Dogs | Hill"s Pet

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The kidneys, the frequently forgotten but life-sustaining organs, remove waste from the bloodstream and regulate fluids in the body. If the kidneys are not able to do their job, the result could be life threatening for your dog.

If your dog experiences any of the following signs, he could be suffering from kidney disease:

• Loss of appetite


• Increased thirst


• Frequent urination or no urination


• Vomiting


• Poor coat appearance


• Depression

If your dog is diagnosed with kidney disease, your veterinarian may describe it as either acute or chronic.

Acute, or sudden, kidney disorders can be caused by:

• Blood loss


• Shock


• Surgical stress


• Trauma


• Severe dehydration


• Poisons


• Drugs


• Obstructed urine flow


• Infection

Chronic, or long-term, kidney disease can result from the above factors, plus: Breed and hereditary tendencies, in coordination with nutritional factors and immune system defects.

Unfortunately, the signs of kidney disease usually do not appear until more than two-thirds of kidney function has been lost. Once chronic kidney failure develops, it cannot be reversed.

SYMPTOMS OF KIDNEY FAILURE IN DOGS

kidney failure




• renal failure: inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance




• a chronic condition in which the body retains fluid and harmful wastes build up because the kidneys no longer work properly. A person with kidney failure needs dialysis or a kidney transplant. Also called end-stage renal (REE-nul) disease or ESRD.




• Renal failure or kidney failure (formerly called renal insufficiency or chronic renal insufficiency) describes a medical condition in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter toxins and waste products from the blood.

symptoms




• A sign of the existence of something, esp. of an undesirable situation




• (symptom) anything that accompanies X and is regarded as an indication of X’s existence




• A physical or mental feature that is regarded as indicating a condition of disease, particularly such a feature that is apparent to the patient




• (symptom) (medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease




• Symptoms is a 1974 British horror film directed by Jose Ramon Larraz. It was entered into the 1974 Cannes Film Festival. Although circulated privately through bootlegs, the original prints are missing, and was last show on British television in 1983.

dogs




• The male of an animal of the dog family, or of some other mammals such as the otter




• A wild animal of the dog family




• (dog) a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds; “the dog barked all night”




• (dog) chase: go after with the intent to catch; “The policeman chased the mugger down the alley”; “the dog chased the rabbit”




• (dog) frump: a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman; “she got a reputation as a frump”; “she’s a real dog”




• A domesticated carnivorous mammal that typically has a long snout, an acute sense of smell, and a barking, howling, or whining voice. It is widely kept as a pet or for work or field sports

symptoms of kidney failure in dogs – ABC of

ABC of Kidney Disease (ABC Series)

The ABC of Kidney Disease is a brand new title in the successful ABC series which explains this complicated area thoroughly and clearly, in a practical and user-friendly manner. Providing information on a wide variety of renal diseases, this book ensures non-renal healthcare workers are able to screen, identify, treat and refer renal patients appropriately.

Covering signs, symptoms, treatments and causes of renal disease, this title includes the common issues presenting to GPs, what tests to use, how to interpret results and when to refer a patient to a kidney specialist. The ABC of Kidney Disease is an ideal practical reference for GPs, GP registrars and junior doctors.

The ABC of Kidney Disease is a brand new title in the successful ABC series which explains this complicated area thoroughly and clearly, in a practical and user-friendly manner. Providing information on a wide variety of renal diseases, this book ensures non-renal healthcare workers are able to screen, identify, treat and refer renal patients appropriately.

Covering signs, symptoms, treatments and causes of renal disease, this title includes the common issues presenting to GPs, what tests to use, how to interpret results and when to refer a patient to a kidney specialist. The ABC of Kidney Disease is an ideal practical reference for GPs, GP registrars and junior doctors.

Are You Unknowingly Sending Your Beloved Pet Into An Early Grave With Your Ignorance?

Much better ways has evolved than taking drugs to cure your sick pet without unwanted and damaging side-effects! There is a whole lot we can do for our loved animal friends be it dog, cat, raccoon, bird or reptile that is ill by allowing and assisting their body to heal itself as nature intended. There is a lot of health benefits our pets can enjoy daily from the use of herbal remedies and other natural healing techniques. Learn to care for your pet (and youself & family) at a natural healing school springing up everywhere now, on and offline.

Over the past millennium, we are seeing escalating growth in chronic illnesses in our pets that was rare back in the early 60′s. Quite a few of these diseases are characterized by dangerous breakdown in our animal friends’ immune systems. This include chronic skin and ear allergies, digestive problems, thyroid, adrenal or pancreatic disorders, seizures, gum and teeth problems, degenerative arthritis, kidney and liver failure, and cancer across all ages and breeds. These diseases can be effectively dealt with if all pet owners are prepared to learn how to properly care for their animal companions at a natural health institute.

Apparently there are escalating numbers in behavioral and emotional problems including alarming and unexplained fears or aggression, as well as great difficulty in focusing, training and paying attention. This is quite disturbing. The two biggest factors in our pets’ population health decline over these generations has been the severe overuse of multiple vaccines and nutrient poor and toxic commercial pet foods instead of really useful and affordable natural pet health products. We are completely failing our pets by only suppressing symptoms with antibiotics, cortisone and related drugs, so the disease progresses and goes deeper. Learn more about this dangerous trend by enrolling at alternative medicine schools.

The time has now come, I believe, to change to a more pleasing approach toward how we look after the welfare of our pets by actually learning how to care for them naturally the natural healing college. Natural herbal remedies is well known to achieve much better quality of life for our loved pets. Right here on this site, you can learn about healing your your sick pets naturally with powerful and high-quality herbal remedies, pet health products and other safe options to drugs, chemo, radiation and surgery for your pets.

I believe you will agree with me that, as a animal keeper, your animal friends deserve the very best you can offer them. Until recently, a lot of people have equated “the best” with nutrient defficient, bleached synthetic pet food, unprecedented use of dangerously deadly pharmaceutical drugs and significant numbers of vaccination. This is embarassingly untrue! I’m afraid if you continue caring for your beloved pets in this ignorant way, you are on the right path to sending your lovely pet into an early grave!

TinyMonsters 12.26.1996 – 3.14.2006

This is my dog TinyMonsters.

He died of kidney failure in March 2006.

He was THE BEST DOG IN THE WORLD!!

edit: I just found out 4yrs later, that he was murdered by a neighbor that was poisoning the neighborhood cats and dogs. No idea who the serial poisoner is/was. Just know that several neighbors have lost dogs and they all had similar symptoms and the owners had been repeatedly finding pieces of food on the patios that their dogs probably ate before the owners could stop them.

symptoms of kidney failure in dogs

Walter A. Hunt knows what it means to live with kidney disease. Here, he shares his experience and knowledge to help other people with the disease understand and cope with its challenges.
When Hunt learned he had kidney disease, he was overwhelmed by the prospect of facing kidney failure. He had so many questions: Why are my kidneys failing? Is there anything I can do to save them? How will I know when my kidneys have failed? What will it feel like? What treatments are available for me? Is there a cure for kidney failure?
The good news, as Hunt found out, is that kidney failure is highly treatable. People with the disease can lead full and productive lives, and Hunt’s readable and empathetic book will help them do just that. It discusses the latest scientific and medical findings about kidney disease, including what kidneys do; the underlying diseases that cause failure; diagnosis, treatment, and prevention; dietary factors; clinical trials; and the future direction of research on kidney failure.
Kidney disease is difficult, but as Hunt’s narrative reveals, people living with it can take control of their health and their future. By understanding kidney failure—what causes it, how it may affect their lives, and what treatment options they have—people with the disease can improve their quality of life and achieve the best possible outcome.
(2011)

The National Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease

Kidney Walk

Kidney Walks are designed to help people understand the need for early detection of kidney disease. In addition to raising funds for research and help for patients and their families, the Walk is a great way to bring the community together!

For more information about these and other events please visit our Events section.

Save Your Pet From Poisoning

Save Your Pet From Poisoning

   Your dog or cat may simply be poisoned by things that you just have round the house. though you would possibly not consider chocolate, paracetamol or lilies as being toxic – they’ll indeed be deadly to the one you love pet. 
   According to the Vet Poisons info service, it’s quite common for a pet to be poisoned in their house. Some common substances that are toxic to pets include: 


   Vermin poison: you would possibly be making an attempt to urge rid of unwanted rodents or slugs, however these chemicals will cause excessive internal bruising or bleeding in your pet if ingested. the consequences may not be immediately obvious, however the results are terribly serious. 


   Paracetamol: this drug would possibly relieve you of a headache, however animals are terribly sensitive to paracetamol and even atiny low quantity may be extraordinarily harmful. Ibuprofen is additionally notably dangerous to dogs and may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, gastric ulceration and kidney failure. 


   Chocolate: we tend to all love somewhat of chocolate, however this sweet treat contains theobromine, a chemical terribly just like caffeine, that isn’t sensible for your pet to eat. Dark chocolate is extremely high in theobromine and even atiny low piece may cause tremors, convulsions and heart issues for your pet. 


   Lilies: these lovely flowers are terribly toxic to cats and may cause kidney failure. the entire plant is toxic, and even a quick exposure to the pollen may be doubtless terribly dangerous to a cat. 


   Grapes, raisins and sultanas: these dried fruits style nice on cereal. you would possibly not assume twice if one dropped on the ground and your dog had to a small degree nibble. However, grapes, raisins and sultanas will cause kidney failure in dogs. Not all dogs are sensitive to the present food, however it’s higher to not take a risk. 


   Sweeteners: artificial sweeteners, like xylitol, are utilized in sugar-free chewing gums and sweets and are extraordinarily harmful to dogs. though you will have a sweet tooth, if your dog ingests xylitol, it will cause low blood sugar and liver injury. 


   If you think that your pet has been poisoned, you must contact your native veterinary apply immediately. Time is of the essence! Take a sample of the substance ingested to relinquish to your vet, as this can facilitate them assess and treat your animal. If you’ve got pet insurance, you won’t have to be compelled to worry concerning vet’s bills either. Some insurers can cowl you for up to £7,000 in a very year if your pet becomes unwell or has an accident. You won’t even need to be out of pocket if your pet falls unwell, as some insurers can pay your vet directly, provided they’re started to receive payments. 
   Rather than a visit to the vets, however keep your pet out of harms method and make certain they only eat what they’re purported to.

kidney failure in dogs | Diary of Gracie"s Canine Renal Failure

Gracie, ready with a ball, as always

(Originally posted to Hawksbill Cabin September 25, 2009, by Jim)  Readers of the blog already know this, but Mary, Sofie and I lost our beloved friend Gracie a few weeks ago. Gracie, the Border Collie we adopted from relatives in 1995, suffered canine renal failure for about two years, entering the final stage in approximately January of this year.

Mary took on the primary care giver role for Gracie as the disease progressed.  She compiled a series of previous entries on the disease (they’ve also been published here on the WordPress blog in a digest format); since Gracie passed away she put together her records from the last three months, July to September, 2009.  On the Hawksbill Cabin blog you can follow the story by clicking on the “canine renal” label in the index in the right hand column.

Even as I am consolidating and editing these posts in October 2009, it is still hard, and perhaps too early, to look back at these events for us (note: re-posting this here, four months later, it’s still hard).  We definitely still feel the emptiness of loss.  But we wanted to publish these notes on the blog and elsewhere for other owners who may be just receiving the diagnosis.  I hope that in some way these posts will help prepare those owners for what’s ahead and the decisions that will need to be made along the way during the course of the disease.

For my part, I thought I might have more to add after reading Mary’s eloquent posts, and preparing them for the blog. It’s still too early for that, like it is for Mary and Sofie, although I find that now, sometimes my thoughts are turning to fond memories:

•  Playing soccer with Gracie on the hillside near the grade school in Adams Morgan, or at several of the other parks there in the District.


• The fun times we had when we first moved to Alexandria, when Sofie and Gracie would play up at the Masonic Memorial.


• A special cove that both dogs liked at Great Falls, their anticipation picking up as soon as they got on the trail to it.  During the summer, they would lie down in the shallow water to cool off.


• Our vacations in the Outer Banks and later at the Hawksbill Cabin, where the girls delighted in exploring the outdoors with us, an alternative to our urban environments – the city wasn’t a bad place for dogs, just necessarily constrained because of the confined populations.

Our vet sent a condolence card after Gracie died. As a near final note, her words:

“Gracie was truly a special patient and I will share your loss. Her tenacity to forge ahead and live life to the fullest was admired by all. Your dedication to her these past nine months has been dearly recognized. Thank you for allowing me to be a part of her life all these years. My thoughts are with you, Fondly, Donna.”

Thanks to everyone for the kinds thoughts and comforting words. We lost a good friend in Gracie.

12/27/1994 – 9/7/2009.   

Monday, September 7 (originally posted by Mary to the Hawksbill Cabin blog)

After our visit to the vet last Thursday, Gracie seemed to perk up a bit, finding a tennis ball under a table in the sun room and bringing it to me for some play. Months ago, we modified the game to one where she lays down and I roll the ball to her, which she then traps between her front legs and bites soundly to stop.

She seems so happy during these moments, recalling perhaps the more rigorous games of fetch we played in her younger days up on the hill at the Masonic Temple here in Alexandria, or, later, the “stairmaster” game when she would stand or lay at the top of the stairs and I would toss the ball up to her, which she would catch, then roll back down the steps to me to start the game all over again. However, this burst of energy and interest is short-lived and she grows weaker.

We are out at the cabin in the Shenandoah for the Labor Day weekend. On Saturday, she had enough strength to walk with Jim around the house, sniffing and enjoying being with him as she explored some of her favorite bushes and trees. During the night from Sunday to Monday, Gracie woke me up and I took her outside to pee. She sniffs in the dark for awhile then returns to me but has a difficult time walking over the black drain pipe leading from the downspout that crosses the back path. I also help her up the step to the side porch and into the house. She wags her tail as I pat her now boney back.

As I clean up the kitchen this morning, Jim has Gracie outside and later tries to give her the semi-weekly dose of calcitriol.  She is suddenly drastically weaker and can no longer lift her head and can’t seem to swallow.  She can no longer stand-up.  We’re not sure if she’s had a stroke or not.  She’s conscious and continent but we realize that the time has come to end Gracie’s fight against the disease that has taken her strength and dignity.

We return to Alexandria and take Gracie to the vet, which we have called ahead of time. Jim carries our girl into a pleasant green-painted room with some comfortable chairs and plants and an examination table covered with towels.

After a brief consultation, the vet agrees that to continue Gracie’s life in this way would be cruel and we begin the process that we have been dreading for so long. We have a chance to hold and kiss her before they administer the sedative and she is unconscious when the last medication is given. She leaves us quickly and peacefully, a gentle, loving companion to the end. She was three months short of her 15th birthday.

Gracie’s status (originally posted by Jim, September 5, 2009)

Not to be too much of a downer today, but since I am going to be off-line for a few days, thought I would give a quick update this morning.  We’ve had another setback, a complete food boycott on Thursday. Plus, she was visibly weak from not eating. These are typical symptoms of end stage Canine Renal Failure.

Off to the vet for a consultation. We’re told that finally, the effects of the disease are piling up, getting quite strong, and the nausea and other symptoms may be just overpowering her.

It’s most important that we continue to get her to eat. Mary has been so diligent about this – trying something new and different almost every day. We are having success with freshly cooked hamburger right now, and the vets gave us some food that is used to help get dogs back on track after major surgery – very much like chopped liver, with a strong smell and overwhelming deliciousness for canines. To our surprise, during this visit’s weigh-in, Gracie had gained back 2 pounds!

The advice from the vet was to keep an eye on things, and recognize that there is not a lot left that can be done. Quality of life is the key now, and with a chronic disease, the one benefit you do get is to spend that much more time with your pet.

It’s day to day now, and we are a little more flexible with the meds understanding where we are with this – sometimes she’ll take them and sometimes not.  Of course, a visit to the vet was enough to give us a rally. When we got home, she ate very well – and she brought a tennis ball to Mary for a toss.

Thursday, September 3, 2009 (originally posted by Mary)

Gracie seems so much weaker today that both Jim and I take her to the vet. I am steeling myself to the possibility that the doctor may advise us to put her to sleep today.

After the exam, the vet advises us that Gracie is in decline and that she probably only has about a week or two left at the most. As the disease progresses, she may suffer a stroke or go into a coma. The vet also gently answers our questions about the process of euthanasia and also tells us that today isn’t Gracie’s time, that we should enjoy her last days but to prepare ourselves.

When the time comes, we have decided that we want her sedated before the administration of the medication that will cause her heart to stop. We don’t want her to know what is happening and we also don’t want her – or us – to experience the involuntary twitches or vocalization that may occur as that medication takes effect.

Thursday, August 27, 2009 – Originally posted by Mary to Hawksbill Cabin

Gracie and Sofie on August 27 before the vet visit

Gracie’s test results came back and her numbers have risen. Her BUN has gone from 82 to 117, creatinine from 3.5 to 4.3, but most troubling, her blood pressure has risen from 160 to over 200. In response, we have increased her amplodipine dosage from 1 tablet to 1.5 tablets every 12 hours for the high blood pressure, and will begin daily administration of 500 ml of fluids. The doctor has advised us that at this point it is probably best to let her eat whatever she wants just to keep her from starving, even if the food isn’t on the strict diet. The vet also advised stopping the AlternaGel dosages with her food since forcing the liquid medicine down her throat with the oral syringe at meal time is probably not helping her at this point.

I have begun to feed Gracie grilled or fried hamburger, about 4 to 6 ozs. per meal. She will sometimes take penne pasta cut up in small pieces. I also try to entice her with some “maximum calorie” dog food provided by the vet that they give to sick dogs recovering in the hospital. Everything must be hand-fed or given to her in small amounts on the floor as she lies in the kitchen. She will no longer stand and eat from a bowl. Chicken, rice, baby food, even bread are no longer palatable to her. She will still accept small bites of Iams weight control dog biscuits, but it is now a struggle to get her to take her meds in the pill pockets or in the G3 Chews. She seems to have the most problem with the tramadol tablets; I have to break them up and put the pieces in separate pill pockets so she doesn’t have to chew them – their taste is something Gracie definitely does not like.

This situation is not good and I am trying to accept the fact that our long journey with Gracie along this difficult path of canine renal disease may be coming to an end. I will work hard to keep her with us but the disease can not be reversed and it is taking its toll on our dear girl. She still seems engaged and happy and not in pain but she is losing strength by the day.

Wednesday, August 26, 2009 – Originally posted by Mary to Hawksbill Cabin

I was away last weekend working on chores at the cabin; Jim had to stay at home to catch-up on some office work. We decided to leave the girls with him to reduce their travel stress and to give me a break from the demanding routine of caring for Gracie. Jim administered the correct meds, fluids, and food but Gracie started to refuse food by Sunday, August 23rd. For probably more than a year she has howled on occasion if I have left her even to run errands and she has always been very close to me, following me from room to room and being my constant companion as I work in my home office.

I was able to get her to eat a small bit but her appetite had definitely fallen off to almost nothing. I decided to take her to the vet to have her blood tested to see what we were dealing with and if her meds needed to be adjusted. We saw the vet today. Gracie seems fatigued but her weight seems stable, which may be the result of being weighed in a different exam room.

(Originally posted by Jim, August 25, 2009, to Hawksbill Cabin)

Last weekend, Mary went out to the cabin for an errand or two, leaving me and the dogs home in Alexandria. Mary has been mainly working from home the last few years, and the dogs have gotten very used to that routine, so we had some worries about what might happen with “mom away.”

There was howling and anxious panting. And then, there was a food boycot that started the morning after.

With canine renal failure, this is a sign that you keep an eye on…dog’s gotta eat, and if they don’t it could signal that something is going wrong.

I tried all the tricks – smearing turkey baby food on some wonder bread (surprisingly looks like peanut butter). Gracie has taken to eating Greek style organic yogurt with honey in a pinch, but that didn’t work this time either. At least she was still taking her meds.

By Monday, she was even spitting out the treats that we use to hide the pills, and she’d grown a bit listless. I was worried, and when Mary got home we talked about next steps. We already had a vet appointment to get the dog checked out.

Turns out, Gracie’s blood pressure had spiked, and that might have caused a little nausea, keeping her from eating. There are a few new meds to get us through this episode, and we’re going to daily sub-Q fluids for the rest of the week, but everything seems to be working and hopefully we’ll be back on an even keel by Saturday.

As far as a diet update, we’ve had to make some changes…this week, there are grilled hamburger patties and ziti pasta on the menu. It doesn’t have everything in it we’d like to see her eating, but the important thing is that she is getting some food in her.

The number of posts we put up at Hawksbill Cabin (and now here, on the Gracie Dawg Blog) about Gracie’s Chronic Renal Failure (I’ve also used ‘kidney failure’ to refer to the condition, and notice that that is one of the web search terms readers frequently use before arriving at the Hawksbill Cabin blog) is up in the teens.

We certainly appreciate all the interest that was shown in Gracie’s progress – by the time this post was originally written in July 2009, she was pretty stabilized for the moment, getting about a half liter of sub-q fluids every other day, along with all the other meds, and the special diet.  I also hope that readers who find these entries on the web find some useful, or at least, reassuring information here on the Hawksbill Cabin blog.

One thing I wanted to be sure to highlight is a comment that reader “Linda” left on Hawksbill Cabin – it was reassuring and provided additional resources that readers may want to check out. A quote from her comment:

“I have been dealing with my dog’s renal disease for three years. I was wondering if you had found the website http://www.dogaware.com/? It has a lot of good articles…”

I’ve spent some time on that site, and there is plenty of useful information here. To get right to the point on canine kidney failure though – follow this link: http://www.dogaware.com/kidney.html#protein .

(originally posted July 2009 by Mary to Hawksbill Cabin)

Late last month, Gracie had another blood test to see how she’s doing. Her numbers indicate that she’s stabile:

• creatinine at 3.5, down from 5 at the last test;


• BUN at 82, which is a little high but acceptable; and


• her calcium level is at 11.7, 1.2 for the ionized test.

This is all very good news.  The vet said to do a retest in three months unless she seems to be declining.  We have our fingers-crossed that she will meet this milestone.

Gracie remains alert and interested in her toys and walks. She gets a little sleepy from both the arthritis medicine and the blood pressure medication but is still willing to roll the fuzzy soccer ball for a little game of easy fetch. Meal times are still trying – she needs incentives in her food and she has a tendency to spit out the rice as she walks away from her bowl. Grains of rice can be found all over the house.

Mealtimes are time-consuming. She gets her pills first thing, then her food, but she can’t be fed too close to the time she has her pills because the AlternaGel she must receive shortly after eating to coat her stomach must be given at least an hour after she receives her meds. Warming the subQ fluids, then administering them to her takes another 20 minutes or so in the morning every other day. So, her morning meds-meal-and fluids routine can take about 90 minutes to complete. She needs a mid-day dose of AlternaGel with some food, again to coat her stomach and protect against ulcers. Evenings repeat the meds-meals-AlternaGel routine.

My wife Mary and I lost our Border Collie, Gracie, to Chronic Renal Failure in September 2009.  She had been diagnosed with the condition early in 2008, and our vet told us she entered the final stage of the disease in January 2009.  Like many pet owners, we immediately went to the web for insight on the disease, and to learn about other owners’ experience treating their pets.  We found some comfort there, and I decided to keep a little track record on my blog (the original posts may be found at: http://hawksbillcabin.blogspot.com/search/label/canine%20renal ).  A couple of sources have picked up the blog feed or have referenced these posts – we very much appreciate the opportunity to honor our pet this way, and hope that our experience can help other owners prepare for the experience.